![]() ![]() Relatively wealthy, developed countries support about 20% of the human population, but account for 48% of the global use of petroleum – 22% in North America, 21% in Europe, and 5% in Japan. The fastest increases are in rapidly growing economies, such as China (59%) and India (75%). Moreover, the global use of petroleum is still increasing – by 8% from 2004 to 2013 (Table 21.1). Petroleum accounts for about 33% of the global production of commercial energy (in 2013 31% in Canada) (Table 13.9). The risks of spillage are always present, and oil spills may cause severe ecological damage. SURVIVING THE AFTERMATH POLLUTION PLUSPipelines, ships, and trains transport most of this volume, plus its refined products, around the globe. It is also used to manufacture a diverse array of petrochemicals, including synthetic materials such as plastics. Petroleum (crude oil) is a non-renewable natural resource (Chapter 13) used mainly as a source of energy. Discuss the potential consequences of petroleum resource development in the Arctic.Describe case studies of the ecological effects of oil spills at sea and on land.Explain how petroleum kills birds and how they may be rehabilitated.Explain how hydrocarbons cause toxicity to organisms.Describe how spilled oil becomes dispersed in the environment.Outline the most common causes of oil spills on land and at sea. ![]() After completing this chapter, you will be able to: ![]()
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